測驗時間 40 分鐘：第一部分中譯英（40%）、第二部分英文作文（60%）。本回是挑戰級：句子要更完整，論證要有層次。
請將下列的一段中文翻譯成通順、達意且前後連貫的英文。
去年冬天，我們學校附近的老人照護中心人手不足，於是一群學生自願在每個星期六早上前去幫忙。開始之前，他們參加了一門密集的（intensive）訓練課程，內容包括一場急救講座，以及一場關於如何與長者溝通的座談。他們的做法很簡單：先仔細傾聽，留意對方有沒有任何需要的暗示，然後才提供協助。在這個漸進的（gradual）過程中，兩個世代之間建立起穩定的友誼，原本安靜的中心也充滿了笑聲。要不是學生們犧牲（sacrifice）了週末，中心就得取消許多活動。這個故事顯示，志工服務雖然從小小的行動開始，卻能促進不同年齡的人彼此理解。
目前 0 個英文字參考長度約 120–150 字
請依下面的提示寫一篇英文作文，長度約 170 至 200 字（10 至 14 個句子，可分兩段）。可以是一個完整的段落，也可以分段。（評分重點：內容、組織、文法、用字遣詞、標點符號、大小寫。）
你是某高中的學生，想向林校長申請成立一個志工社團。請寫一封正式的 email（包含稱呼、結尾敬語與署名，署名可自訂）：
目前 0 個英文字範文約 165–205 字（考試要求約 180 字）
批改花的是你自己的 AI 額度。建議在老師或家長陪同下使用；AI 給的分數只是練習用的估計，不是官方分數。
Last winter, the elderly care center near our school was short of staff, so a group of students volunteered to help every Saturday morning. Before they started, they took an intensive training course, which consisted of a lecture on first aid and a talk about how to communicate with elderly people. Their approach was simple: they first listened carefully for any hint of what people needed, and only then did they offer help. Through this gradual process, a stable friendship grew between the two generations, and the center, once quiet, became full of laughter. Had the students not sacrificed their weekends, the center would have had to cancel many of its activities. This story shows that volunteering, which begins with small actions, can promote understanding between people of different ages.
去年冬天，我們學校附近的老人照護中心人手不足，於是一群學生自願在每個星期六早上前去幫忙。
Last winter, the elderly care center near our school was short of staff, so a group of students volunteered to help every Saturday morning.
be short of staff 是「人手不足」，staff 是集合名詞，前面不加 a。volunteer 在這裡當動詞，volunteer to + 原形動詞是「自願去做…」。so 引導結果，前面用逗號。a group of students 當主詞，動詞要和 group（單數）呼應；本句動詞用過去式 volunteered，不受影響。
開始之前，他們參加了一門密集的（intensive）訓練課程，內容包括一場急救講座，以及一場關於如何與長者溝通的座談。
Before they started, they took an intensive training course, which consisted of a lecture on first aid and a talk about how to communicate with elderly people.
take a course 是「上課、修課」。intensive 是形容詞，「密集的」，字首是母音發音，所以前面用 an。which consisted of… 是非限定關係子句，補充說明整門課的內容；consist of 是「由…組成、包括」，不能用被動語態或進行式。a lecture on first aid 是「一場關於急救的講座」。how to communicate… 是疑問詞加不定詞，作介系詞 about 的受詞。
他們的做法很簡單：先仔細傾聽，留意對方有沒有任何需要的暗示，然後才提供協助。
Their approach was simple: they first listened carefully for any hint of what people needed, and only then did they offer help.
approach 在這裡是名詞，「做法、方式」。冒號後面用來說明 simple 的具體內容。hint 是名詞，「暗示、線索」，a hint of… 是「…的跡象」；for any hint of what people needed 中，what people needed 是名詞子句，作 of 的受詞。Only then 放在句首表示「到那時才」，後面要倒裝（助動詞 did 提到主詞 they 前面），而且 did 已經帶了過去式，所以動詞 offer 要用原形。
在這個漸進的（gradual）過程中，兩個世代之間建立起穩定的友誼，原本安靜的中心也充滿了笑聲。
Through this gradual process, a stable friendship grew between the two generations, and the center, once quiet, became full of laughter.
gradual 是形容詞，「逐漸的、漸進的」。stable 是「穩定的」，grow 在這裡是「（關係）逐漸產生」。between the two generations 的 between 用在「兩者之間」。once quiet 是插入語，由 which was once quiet 簡化而來，補充「原本安靜的」；be full of 是「充滿…」，laughter 是不可數名詞。
要不是學生們犧牲（sacrifice）了週末，中心就得取消許多活動。
Had the students not sacrificed their weekends, the center would have had to cancel many of its activities.
Had the students not sacrificed… 是省略 if 的倒裝，等於 If the students had not sacrificed…，表示與過去事實相反的假設。主要子句要用 would have + 過去分詞；這裡再加 had to，所以是 would have had to cancel。sacrifice 當動詞時直接接受詞（their weekends），不需要 for。
這個故事顯示，志工服務雖然從小小的行動開始，卻能促進不同年齡的人彼此理解。
This story shows that volunteering, which begins with small actions, can promote understanding between people of different ages.
shows that… 的 that 引導名詞子句，作 shows 的受詞。volunteering 是動名詞當主詞，後面用逗號夾住非限定關係子句 which begins with small actions，補充說明。promote 是「促進」，understanding 在這裡是不可數名詞「理解」。between people of different ages 是「在不同年齡的人之間」。
Dear Principal Lin,
I am writing to ask permission to start a volunteer club. Our vision is simple: a stable way for students to serve the community, not a single event that is soon forgotten. I would suggest that the club be allowed to meet every Friday, and its activities would consist of reading to children at the library and cleaning the park. Each term, we would invite a social worker to give a lecture on the theme of caring for others. Hence, members would learn not only how to help but also why it matters.
I understand that you may worry that volunteer work will consume too much study time. What the club needs is only a small portion of the time students now spend on entertainment and recreation. Having inquired at the town office, I have learned that it can offer us a selection of short projects. Over forty classmates have signed up, a clear indication of support. The sooner the club starts, the sooner it may evolve into a tradition that promotes kindness and responsibility. Should you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me. I would be grateful if you could consider our proposal.
Yours sincerely, Peter, Grade 11
林校長您好：
我寫這封信，是想請您同意我們成立一個志工社團。我們的願景很簡單：給學生一個穩定的方式來服務社區，而不是一場很快就被遺忘的單一活動。我建議讓社團能夠在每週五聚會，活動內容包括到圖書館為孩子朗讀，以及打掃公園。每學期，我們會邀請一位社工來演講，以「關心他人」為主題。因此，成員不僅會學到如何幫助別人，也會明白為什麼這件事重要。
我了解您可能擔心志工服務會占用太多讀書時間。社團需要的只是學生現在花在娛樂與休閒上的時間中的一小部分。我已經向鎮公所詢問過，得知他們能提供我們一些短期專案可以選擇。已有四十多位同學報名參加，這清楚顯示了支持。社團愈早開始，或許就能愈早發展成一項傳統，推廣善意與責任感。如果您有任何問題，請不要猶豫與我聯絡。如果您能考慮我們的提案，我將非常感激。
敬祝 順心 十一年級 彼得 敬上
本題屬於「正式書信型」，語氣要有禮、立場要明確，並具有說服力。格式：Dear + 稱呼，空一行；正文兩段；Yours sincerely, 加署名。第一段：開門見山說明寫信目的（I am writing to…），用 Our vision is… 說出社團的核心構想，再以 I would suggest that… be allowed to 提出建議並具體列出活動（每週五、閱讀與清掃、邀請講者），最後用 Hence 句點出教育意義。第二段：先預測校方的疑慮（占用讀書時間）並直接回應——用 What the club needs is… 的強調句說明只會用到學生原本花在娛樂上的一小部分時間；再用 Having inquired… 與實際證據（向鎮公所詢問、四十多人報名）增加可信度，最後用 The sooner…, the sooner… 展望未來。結尾以 Should you have any questions 與 I would be grateful if… 兩句客氣的收尾，不用口語表達，語氣謙和但不卑微。
a tradition that promotes kindness and responsibility
that 引導限定關係子句，說明是什麼樣的傳統。子句的主詞是先行詞 a tradition（單數），所以動詞用 promotes。這種子句讓名詞後面立刻接上說明，不需要另起一句。
He wants a job that offers a good salary.
他想要一份薪水優渥的工作。
a single event that is soon forgotten
is soon forgotten 是被動語態：be + 過去分詞，soon 放在 be 動詞與過去分詞之間。活動是「被遺忘」的對象，用被動語態比寫出主詞（people forget）更簡潔客觀。
The old song is rarely played on the radio now.
那首老歌現在很少在廣播中播放。
members would learn not only how to help but also why it matters
not only…but also… 連接兩個結構相同的成分：how to help 與 why it matters 都是疑問詞引導的名詞性結構。平行結構讓句子整齊有力，也是正式文章常用的表達。
The trip taught me not only how to cook but also how to share.
這趟旅行不但教我怎麼煮飯，也教我怎麼分享。
I understand that you may worry that volunteer work will consume too much study time
兩層 that 名詞子句：第一個 that 是 understand 的受詞，第二個 that 是 worry 的受詞。用 may worry 表示「您可能會擔心」，語氣委婉，先替對方說出疑慮，再加以回應，是說服信常用的策略。
I know that you think that the test is too hard.
我知道你覺得這場考試太難了。
Over forty classmates have signed up, a clear indication of support
逗號後面的 a clear indication of real support 是同位語，用來說明前面整件事的意義。同位語能補充評價，又不必另起一句，讓句子更緊湊。
He won the first prize, an honor that surprised everyone.
他得了第一名，這項榮譽讓所有人都很驚訝。
Should you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me
Should + 主詞 + 原形，是省略 if 的倒裝，等於 If you should have any questions…，表示「萬一您有任何問題」，常用在正式信件的結尾。do not hesitate to + 原形是客氣的邀請：「請隨時…」。
Should it rain, the picnic will be moved indoors.
萬一下雨，野餐會改到室內舉行。
I would be grateful if you could consider our proposal
I would be grateful if you could… 是正式信件請求對方時的禮貌句型。if 子句用 could（過去式），主要子句用 would，語氣比 I will be grateful if you can… 更委婉、有禮。
I would appreciate it if you could reply by Friday.
如果您能在星期五前回覆，我將不勝感激。
only then did they offer help
Only then 放在句首表示「到那時才」，後面主要子句要倒裝（助動詞 did 提到主詞前），而 did 已帶過去式，所以動詞用原形 offer。這個句型強調動作發生的時間點。
Only then did I understand what she meant.
到那時我才明白她的意思。
I would suggest that the club be allowed to meet every Friday
suggest（建議）後面的 that 子句要用「(should) + 原形動詞」，這裡省略 should，所以被動是 be allowed，而不是 is allowed 或 will be allowed，不受主詞單複數與時態影響。I would suggest 比 I suggest 更委婉，適合向校長提出請求。同類動詞還有 insist、recommend、demand、propose。
The teacher recommended that every student read the book before class.
老師建議每位學生在上課前讀這本書。
What the club needs is only a small portion of the time
What + 主詞 + 動詞 + be… 是擬分裂句，用來強調重點：what the club needs 當名詞子句作主詞，視為單數，所以後面接 is，再接要強調的內容（只是一小部分時間）。這個句型把重點放在句尾，語氣比 The club needs only… 更有說服力。
What this city needs is a better public transport system.
這座城市需要的是更好的大眾運輸系統。
Having inquired at the town office
Having + 過去分詞是完成式分詞構句，表示分詞的動作（詢問）發生在主要子句動作（我得知）之前，等於 Because I have already inquired…。分詞構句的主詞必須與主要子句的主詞相同，這裡的 I 就是詢問的人；副詞 already 放在 having 和過去分詞之間。
Having finished the report, she went out for a walk.
完成報告後，她出門散步。
The sooner the club starts, the sooner it may evolve into a tradition
The + 比較級…, the + 比較級… 表示「愈…就愈…」，兩個 the 後面都接比較級，前半句是條件、後半句是結果。前後兩個子句的主詞與動詞仍照正常順序排列，只是比較級要提到子句開頭。
The harder you practice, the better you will play.
你愈努力練習，就會彈得愈好。
| 單字 | 本回用法 |
|---|---|
| intensive | an intensive training course 密集的訓練課程；intensive care 加護治療（adj.） |
| consist | consist of a lecture and a talk 由一場講座和一場座談組成；consist of 不用被動語態或進行式（v.） |
| lecture | give a lecture on first aid 做急救方面的演講（n.）；lecture 也可當動詞「演講」，或指「說教」 |
| approach | a gradual approach 漸進的做法（n.）；their approach was simple 他們的做法很簡單；approach 也可當動詞「接近」 |
| gradual | a gradual process 漸進的過程；gradual 的副詞是 gradually |
| stable | a stable friendship 穩定的友誼；stable 也可當名詞「馬廄」（n.） |
| sacrifice | sacrifice their weekends 犧牲週末（v.）；make a sacrifice 做出犧牲（n.） |
| promote | promote understanding 促進理解；promote 也指「升遷」或「促銷」 |
| vision | our vision is simple 我們的願景很簡單（n.）；vision 也指「視力」，如 good vision 好視力 |
| hence | Hence, members would learn… 因此，成員將學到…（adv.，用於句首，後面加逗號） |
| consume | consume too much study time 占用太多讀書時間；consume 原指「消耗、吃喝」，這裡是「耗費（時間）」 |
| portion | a small portion of the time 一小部分的時間；portion 也指一份食物，如 a large portion of rice 一大份飯 |
| entertainment | spend time on entertainment 把時間花在娛樂上；entertainment 是不可數名詞 |
| recreation | entertainment and recreation 娛樂與休閒；recreation 指休閒活動，如 recreation center 休閒中心 |
| inquire | inquire at the town office 向鎮公所詢問；inquire about 是「詢問關於…」（v.） |
| selection | a selection of short projects 一些可挑選的短期專案；selection 指「供挑選的一批東西」 |
| indication | a clear indication of support 明確的支持跡象；indication 指「跡象、徵兆」 |
| evolve | evolve into a tradition 逐漸發展成一項傳統；evolve 也指生物「演化」 |
| responsibility | kindness and responsibility 善意與責任感（n.，不可數）；take responsibility for… 為…負責 |
| grateful | I would be grateful if you could… 如果您能…，我將非常感激（adj.） |
| hint | for any hint of what people needed 任何暗示對方需要什麼的線索；hint 也可當動詞「暗示」（n.） |
| theme | on the theme of caring for others 以「關心他人」為主題；theme 也指文章或作品的「主旨」（n.） |
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