測驗時間 40 分鐘:第一部分中譯英(40%)、第二部分英文作文(60%)。本回是挑戰級:句子要更完整,論證要有層次。
請將下列的一段中文翻譯成通順、達意且前後連貫的英文。
上個月,我們參觀了新竹的一間回收工廠,工人們正在分類舊鋁罐(aluminium)、銅線和腳踏車的車架。導覽員才剛舉起一塊強力磁鐵,所有帶有磁性的金屬就立刻朝它飛了過去。他解釋說,塑膠雖然防水又耐用,卻要幾百年才會分解,而放在戶外的鋼鐵則會慢慢生鏽。他補充說,無論電力來自煤炭還是核能,製造新的金屬都要耗費大量的電,所以回收其實是在節省能源。回家的路上,我的同學說,要是每個家庭都能多回收一點,我們也許就不必那麼依賴進口燃料(fuel)了。我們都同意,越早開始行動,對環境造成的傷害就越少。
目前 0 個英文字參考長度約 120–150 字
請依下面的提示寫一篇英文作文,長度約 170 至 200 字(10 至 14 個句子,可分兩段)。可以是一個完整的段落,也可以分段。(評分重點:內容、組織、文法、用字遣詞、標點符號、大小寫。)
你是一位高中社團的社長,想請市政府環保局長支持社團在社區公園舉辦每月一次的資源回收日。請寫一封正式的電子郵件(或書信),內容要有說服力:
目前 0 個英文字範文約 165–205 字(考試要求約 180 字)
批改花的是你自己的 AI 額度。建議在老師或家長陪同下使用;AI 給的分數只是練習用的估計,不是官方分數。
Last month, we visited a recycling plant in Hsinchu, where workers were sorting old aluminium cans, copper wire and bicycle frames. No sooner had the guide held up a powerful magnet than every piece of magnetic metal flew toward it. He explained that plastic, which is waterproof and durable, takes hundreds of years to break down, while steel left outdoors will slowly rust. He added that making new metal takes huge amounts of electricity, whether it comes from coal or from nuclear power, so recycling is really a way of saving energy. On the way home, my classmate said that if every family recycled a little more, we might not have to depend so heavily on imported fuel. We all agreed that the sooner we started, the less harm we would do to the environment.
上個月,我們參觀了新竹的一間回收工廠,工人們正在分類舊鋁罐(aluminium)、銅線和腳踏車的車架。
Last month, we visited a recycling plant in Hsinchu, where workers were sorting old aluminium cans, copper wire and bicycle frames.
where 引導非限定關係子句,補充說明地點(工廠),前面要加逗號。were sorting 是過去進行式,表示我們到訪時工人「正在」分類。aluminium 是英式拼法(美式是 aluminum),本題照字表用 aluminium。copper wire 是「銅線」,wire 在這裡是不可數的材料,不加 s。
導覽員才剛舉起一塊強力磁鐵,所有帶有磁性的金屬就立刻朝它飛了過去。
No sooner had the guide held up a powerful magnet than every piece of magnetic metal flew toward it.
No sooner … than … 表示「一…就…」。No sooner 放在句首時要倒裝,且先發生的動作用過去完成式(had held up),後發生的動作用過去式(flew)。注意要接 than,不是 when。magnet 是名詞「磁鐵」,magnetic 是形容詞「有磁性的」。every piece of … 後面的動詞用單數。
他解釋說,塑膠雖然防水又耐用,卻要幾百年才會分解,而放在戶外的鋼鐵則會慢慢生鏽。
He explained that plastic, which is waterproof and durable, takes hundreds of years to break down, while steel left outdoors will slowly rust.
that 引導名詞子句,作 explained 的受詞。which is waterproof and durable 是非限定關係子句,補充說明 plastic,前後加逗號。while 在此表示對比(「而」)。left outdoors 是過去分詞片語,修飾 steel,等於 which is left outdoors。rust 在本句是動詞「生鏽」,當名詞時是「鏽」。plastic 作材料時不可數。
他補充說,無論電力來自煤炭還是核能,製造新的金屬都要耗費大量的電,所以回收其實是在節省能源。
He added that making new metal takes huge amounts of electricity, whether it comes from coal or from nuclear power, so recycling is really a way of saving energy.
making new metal 是動名詞片語,作子句的主詞,所以動詞用單數 takes。huge amounts of 後接不可數名詞(electricity)。whether … or … 表示「無論是…還是…」,不管答案是哪一個,結果都一樣。nuclear 是形容詞,只放在名詞前(nuclear power)。a way of + V-ing 是「…的一種方法」。
回家的路上,我的同學說,要是每個家庭都能多回收一點,我們也許就不必那麼依賴進口燃料(fuel)了。
On the way home, my classmate said that if every family recycled a little more, we might not have to depend so heavily on imported fuel.
if + S + 過去式, S + might + 原形,是與現在事實相反的假設:現實是大家回收得不夠多。depend on 是「依賴」,heavily 是副詞,修飾 depend。imported 是過去分詞當形容詞,「進口的」。fuel 泛指燃料時是不可數名詞(指不同種類的燃料時可數,如 fossil fuels),可指汽油、燃煤等。
我們都同意,越早開始行動,對環境造成的傷害就越少。
We all agreed that the sooner we started, the less harm we would do to the environment.
The + 比較級 + S + V, the + 比較級 + S + V,表示「越…,就越…」。因為主要動詞 agreed 是過去式,後面的動詞也配合改成過去式(started, would do)。harm 在這裡是不可數名詞,所以比較級用 less,不用 fewer。do harm to … 是「對…造成傷害」。
Dear Director Brown,
I am writing as president of the Green Club at Hsinchu Senior High School to ask for your support for a monthly Recycling Day in our neighborhood park. Last year, thousands of aluminium cans and plastic bottles ended up in ordinary bins, although they could easily have been turned into new products. Making them from scratch burns a great deal of fuel, while recycling saves both energy and money.
We propose a simple collection point: a large waterproof box with a wide tube at the top, through which residents can drop in their empty cans. Not only would our members sort the materials, but they would also show visitors how to do the same. Since the park has adequate space, what we need from your office is permission and a truck to carry away the copper and other metal.
Some people may worry that such an event would be noisy. I fully understand this concern, and I propose that the event end before six o'clock. Should you approve our request, we would be glad to begin next month, as the problem grows more urgent every year.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely, Sam Lin President, Green Club
親愛的布朗局長:
我以新竹高中環保社社長的身分寫信,請您支持我們在社區公園舉辦每月一次的資源回收日。去年,成千上萬個鋁罐和塑膠瓶最後都進了一般垃圾桶,儘管它們其實很容易就能變成新產品。從頭製造這些東西要燒掉大量燃料,而回收既能省能源,也能省錢。
我們提議設置一個簡單的收集點:一個大型防水箱,頂端有一根寬管,居民可以從管子把空罐投入。不但我們的社員會負責分類,還會示範給參觀的民眾看該怎麼做。由於公園的空間足夠,我們需要貴局協助的,只是許可,以及一輛把銅和其他金屬載走的貨車。
有些人可能擔心這樣的活動會吵鬧。我完全理解這個顧慮,因此建議活動在六點前結束。如果您核准我們的申請,我們很樂意下個月就開始,因為這個問題一年比一年更緊迫。
期待您的回覆。
謹致敬意 林山姆 環保社社長
本題屬於「正式書信(email)」,語氣要禮貌、有條理、有說服力。格式:開頭用 Dear + 稱呼,結尾用 Yours sincerely 加署名。第一段:先說明寫信目的(I am writing… to ask for…),再用具體現象(鋁罐、塑膠瓶進了一般垃圾桶)(本來可以回收卻被丟掉)和回收的好處(省燃料、省錢)說明必要性。第二段:提出具體做法,並清楚寫出「我們做什麼、需要對方什麼」,讓收信人容易作決定。第三段:預想對方的顧慮(噪音),先表示理解(I fully understand…),再用具體建議(propose that the event end…)回應,最後以 Should you approve… 提出後續,並用 urgent 點出時間上的急迫。最後一行再表達期待回覆。全文沒有口語縮寫,用字正式。
I am writing as president of the Green Club at Hsinchu Senior High School to ask for your support
正式書信的標準開頭:I am writing + to V,直接說明寫信目的。as president of… 先交代身分,讓對方知道你是代表社團發言,語氣更正式、有分量。
I am writing to ask about the summer camp.
我寫這封信是想詢問夏令營的事。
although they could easily have been turned into new products
although 引導讓步子句,放在句尾補充說明「明明可以回收,卻被丟掉」,更突顯問題。could have been turned 是被動語態的完成式,見下方 modal-perfect 的說明;they 指鋁罐和塑膠瓶。
He kept walking, although his feet hurt.
雖然他腳很痛,他還是繼續走。
Making them from scratch burns a great deal of fuel, while recycling saves both energy and money
while 放在句中表示兩件事形成對比(「而」),前面加逗號。Making them … 是動名詞片語作主詞,動詞用單數 burns。both A and B 連接兩個對等的名詞。from scratch 是「從頭開始」。
My brother likes meat, while I prefer vegetables.
我哥哥喜歡吃肉,而我比較喜歡蔬菜。
a large waterproof box with a wide tube at the top, through which residents can drop in their empty cans
介系詞 + which 引導的關係子句:through which 等於 and residents can drop in their cans through it,指的是 tube。這種「介系詞 + which」是正式寫作的特徵,口語常把介系詞留在句尾(the tube which residents can drop cans through),但「介系詞 + which」的 which 不能換成 that。
This is the door through which the thief entered.
這就是小偷進來的那扇門。
Not only would our members sort the materials, but they would also show visitors how to do the same
Not only 放在句首時,後面的子句要倒裝:助動詞 would 提到主詞前。後半句 but they would also … 不倒裝。用來表示「不但…,而且…」,語氣強烈。how to do the same 是「疑問詞 + to V」的名詞片語,作 show 的直接受詞。
Not only did he arrive late, but he also forgot his book.
他不但遲到,還忘了帶書。
could easily have been turned into new products
could have + p.p. 表示「過去本來可以…(卻沒有)」,帶有可惜、責備的語氣。這裡再加上被動:could have been + p.p.(本來可以被…),說明鋁罐和塑膠瓶本來可以被回收,卻被丟進一般垃圾桶。easily 放在 could 和 have 之間。
The accident could have been avoided.
這場意外本來是可以避免的。
what we need from your office is permission and a truck to carry away the copper and other metal
這是擬分裂句(pseudo-cleft):What + S + V + is…,把想強調的重點放在 is 之後。what we need from your office 是名詞子句作主詞,後接 be 動詞 is,意思是「我們需要貴局協助的,就是…」,能把請求說得清楚直接,讓收信人一眼看出重點。
What I want is a quiet place to study.
我想要的是一個安靜念書的地方。
Should you approve our request, we would be glad to begin next month
Should + S + 原形,等於 If you should approve…,把 If 省略並將 should 提到句首。這是書信中很正式、很禮貌的條件句,用在請求對方答應時。主要子句用 would,語氣較委婉。
Should you need any help, please call me.
如果您需要任何協助,請打電話給我。
if every family recycled a little more, we might not have to depend so heavily on imported fuel
與現在事實相反的假設:If + S + 過去式, S + might + 原形。might not have to 是「也許就不必」,語氣比 would 更不確定。
If I had more time, I might learn the piano.
要是我有更多時間,我也許會學鋼琴。
I propose that the event end before six o'clock
propose、suggest、insist、recommend、demand 等表示提議或要求的動詞,後面的 that 子句要用「(should) + 原形動詞」,也就是假設語氣,所以這裡用 end,不是 ends 或 will end。主詞 the event 是第三人稱單數,但動詞仍不加 s,這是最常見的陷阱。
The teacher suggested that every student bring a dictionary.
老師建議每位學生都帶一本字典。
the sooner we started, the less harm we would do to the environment
The + 比較級 + S + V, the + 比較級 + S + V,表示「越…,就越…」。harm 是不可數名詞,所以用 less,不是 fewer。
The more you read, the more you know.
你讀得越多,知道的就越多。
| 單字 | 本回用法 |
|---|---|
| aluminium | aluminium foil 鋁箔;an aluminium can 鋁罐(美式拼法為 aluminum) |
| copper | copper wire 銅線;copper 作金屬時不可數,也可指銅色 |
| fuel | run out of fuel 燃料用完;fossil fuels 化石燃料(泛指燃料時不可數,談各種燃料時可數) |
| magnet | a powerful magnet 強力磁鐵;be attracted by a magnet 被磁鐵吸引 |
| magnetic | magnetic metal 有磁性的金屬;a magnetic field 磁場(adj.) |
| nuclear | nuclear power 核能;nuclear energy 核能(adj.,只放名詞前) |
| plastic | a plastic bottle 塑膠瓶;plastic 作材料時不可數(adj. 亦可,如 plastic bag) |
| rust | rust on a bicycle 腳踏車上的鏽(n.);Iron rusts in water. 鐵在水裡會生鏽(v.,本回作動詞) |
| steel | a steel bridge 鋼橋;stainless steel 不鏽鋼(不可數) |
| tube | a tube of toothpaste 一條牙膏;a plastic tube 塑膠管(本回指投入口的管子) |
| waterproof | a waterproof watch 防水錶;a waterproof box 防水箱(adj.);waterproof 也可當動詞「使防水」 |
| wire | copper wire 銅線;a wire fence 鐵絲網圍籬(不可數指材料,可數指一條電線) |
| harm | do harm to the environment 對環境造成傷害(n.,不可數);harm 也可當動詞「傷害」 |
| adequate | adequate space 足夠的空間;adequate 比 enough 正式,放在名詞前 |
| urgent | an urgent problem 緊迫的問題;It is urgent that… 現在很急迫… |
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